Data Science Blog

What is a digital twin? # A digital twin is a virtual representation of a real-world entity or process, created to simulate its behavior and performance. It consists of three main components: …

Applications of Nyquists theorem # Can the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem applies to light signals # 🌈 First: What Kind of “Light” Are We Talking About? # When we say light, we could …

The Story of Nyquist, Shannon, and the Science of Sampling # In the early days of the 20th century, the world was just beginning to hum with the sounds of electric voices. Telephones crackled across …

Archive Paper Link BitNet b1.58-2B4T: The Future of Efficient AI Processing # A History of 1 bit Transformer Model # A paper “The Era of 1-bit LLMs: All Large Language Models are in 1.58 …

Ollama: Running Large Language Models Locally # The landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) has traditionally been dominated by cloud-based services. While …

Paper Summary: Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Conflicting Evidence # arXiv Paper The hypothesis of this paper is that real-world retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems must simultaneously …

Paper Summary: LLM Internal Encoding of Truthfulness and Hallucinations # The objective of this paper is to gain a deeper understanding of errors produced by large language models (LLMs) by examining …

Future of Programming # Introduction # As of April’ 2025, AI coding IDEs like windsurf, cursor, cline, copilot etc. has these capabilities. Capabilities of AI Coding IDEs # Purpose-Built Models …

AI and Cybersecurity: Threats, Attack Vectors, and Defense Mechanisms # As artificial intelligence (AI) systems, particularly large language models (LLMs), become integral to cybersecurity …

Quantum Physics and Vedanta Satsanga with AI # Being a Vedantin and a person with a scientific temperament, I seek meaningful Satsang. Today, I thought—why not have one with AI? What follows is the …

AI Benchmarks for 2025 # A term “AI benchmark” is thrown around a lot and can be confusing because it’s used in slightly different ways depending on the context. In this artcile we will …

Understanding Electronics Chips # How 0, 1 is represented in digital system? # In digital computing, the value 1 is often represented by a higher voltage level, and 0 is represented by a lower …

Quantum Physics with Deeper Questions with ChatGPT # Introduction # I was a physics student during my college years, and I’ve always loved the subject—even today. However, Quantum Physics, despite …

Overview of AI Benchmark Explorer Tool # AI professionals, including Change Drivers, Managers, and Scientists, often face challenges despite clearly understanding the problems they aim to solve. Key …

Foundational Concepts of Audio and Video Processing # Whether you are multimedia professional or deep learning Engineer, if you are dealing with audio and video processing, you will need to …

A Deep Dive into AI Model Marketplaces for Business Managers # Introduction # Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming industries, from customer service automation to data-driven decision-making. …

Exploring Designer Roles and Their Favorite Free Tools # In the software business, design plays a huge role, and there are different kinds of designers, each with their own focus areas, …

Exploring Hosting Types # Hosting by Infrastructure Types # There are several types of hosting available in the market, each suited to different needs, from small personal websites to large …

🎬 Core Video Editing Concepts # A comprehensive list of features and concepts that are useful to understand in any video editing software, whether you’re using Shotcut, OBS Studio, Adobe …

Grok 3 Model and Sanskrit # Introduction # No other models do justice to Sanskrit in terms of context, context length, word meaning, and translation as Grok 3 does. I’ve been trying it since it was …

Implementing Secure Authentication and Authorization # Introduction # Imagine you’ve created a website that sells data science courses—a valuable resource for aspiring data scientists. To …

Return of Sunita William from ISS # On March 19, 2025, the news of Sunita Williams’ return from the ISS dominated headlines. But was it truly a momentous event, or just another example of …

CodeReview with CodeRabbit AI # Introduction: Why Developers Need CodeRabbit AI # Imagine you’re working on a fast-paced software project with a growing codebase. Your team is constantly pushing …

The Study of Life: Understanding Its Origins, Sustenance, and Evolution # Introduction # Life is one of the greatest mysteries of the universe. From the simplest microbes to complex human beings, …

Real-Life Applications of Mathematics # Welcome to the fascinating world of mathematics! Math isn’t just about solving equations in a classroom—it is deeply woven into the fabric of our daily …

Why this another article around React? # There is no dearth of React tutorial and guide on the internet then why this article? The learning process can be quite diverse, and people come from …

A Comprehensive Guide to Evaluate Generative Models # Introduction # In the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence, generative models have emerged as powerful tools capable of creating …

34 Must-Know Software Development Toolsets Explained # Introduction # If you are coming from a background of software development then you might have heard of terms like SDK (Software Development …

Disqus Comments # For this you need to create one account on Disqus and then create a new site. It will generate one shortname for you. In your _config.yml update comments.disqus.shortname Add below …

Understanding the Business of Marketplaces: A Digital Economy Guide # Introduction # For a long time, I have been puzzled by the online marketplace. As a result, I wanted to understand how it works, …

RDBMS vs. Neo4j (Cypher) Command Comparison # Are GraphDB faster than RDBMS? # Graph databases (GraphDBs) can be faster than relational databases (RDBMS) in scenarios that involve complex …

Exploring and Evaluating Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) # In this article we will explore the history of IDEs and how they have evolved over time. Apart from this we will see how to …

Problem Statement: # I have project in D:\github-blog\dasarpai-websitetest. This is also a github repo. It’s remote repo is https://github.com/dasarpai/dasarpai-websitetest. I have github …

Why to use Offline AI Models? # There are dozens of AI companies offering cloud-based AI solutions, and prices have been steadily decreasing over time. These models generally produce high-quality …

Online Coding Tools # The main difference between various online coding tools lies in how these tools function and what they are optimized for. Without wasting much time around let’s get into …

The Basics of Microprocessor and Microcontroller # What is a Microcontroller? # A microcontroller (MCU) is a compact, integrated computing device that includes a processor (CPU), memory (RAM & …

Exploring Reasoning Models in AI Marketplace - Feb'2025 # What Makes a Model a “Reasoning Model”? # The term “reasoning model” is not strictly defined but generally refers to …

Exploring DeepSeek R1: The AI That Thinks Like a Human # Artificial Intelligence (AI) has come a long way, but few models have captured the imagination of researchers, developers, and businesses like …

Integrating Ollama AI Models and Open WebUI on Docker # Introduction # Ollama, Opensource LLM Framework from Meta, provides a powerful way to work with large language models (LLMs) efficiently. While …

Unlocking the Power of Prompts # Introduction # What can you do with Art of Prompting and powerful AI Models? You can use prompts to accomplish almost any task that requires human intelligence. …

Exploring Reinforcement Learning Concepts # Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a rich and complex field with many important concepts. Here are some high level concepts which you need to understand, and …

Bookmark Blog Articles from Browser # This web page serves as a continuation of the AI Resources page. As the original page grew excessively long and cumbersome to navigate, I created this dedicated …

AI Resources: Ultimate Collection of Cutting-Edge Tools for AI Enthusiasts # Introduction # In a world driven by innovation and accelerated by artificial intelligence, the right tools can make all …

Exploring Advance CSS Coding # HTML give the structure to any website, it is like bone strucutre of the body. But the CSS makes it colorful, give some life imitation ability and make it beautiful, it …

Setting Development Environment with WSL2, Docker and Github # This quick tutorial is about setting Up a Development Environment with Windows 11, WSL 2, Docker and Github Introduction # Like any …

Exploring Shell Scripting and Batch Files # Batch files are scripts that contain a series of commands to be executed by the command-line interpreter. These files can automate repetitive tasks and …

Exploring the Location of Ollama Models on Local Machine # Objective # Many times you may have a question like, I have installed ollama in wsl and download some ollama models. Ollama list shows me …

State of the Art Computer Vision Models # What are the different methods of Image generation? # There are several methods for image generation. Diffusion models are currently the state-of-the-art due …

The Road to Bharat LLMs Goes Via Sanskrit # The Case for Sanskrit as India’s AI Language The National Language Debate and Its Impact on AI # Since India’s independence, the debate over a …

Exploring the Energy Demand and Supply of India # Introduction # When India talks about becoming a Vishwa Guru (World Leader), Vishwa Mitra (Friend of the World), the Leader of the South, or an AI …

Demystifying NVIDIA GPUs # Introduction # NVIDIA has been in the GPU manufacturing business since 1993. They offer hundreds of different types of GPUs for various segments and purposes. For those not …

Exploring Tokenization and Embedding in NLP # Tokenization and embedding are key components of natural language processing (NLP) models. Sometimes people misunderstand tokenization and embedding and …

Introduction # Embedding can be confusing for many people, and contextual embedding performed by transformers can be even more perplexing. Even after gaining an understanding, many questions remain. …

Understanding the Working of CNN # In this article, we aim to delve deeper into the working of CNNs. This article is intended for readers who have a basic understanding of CNNs and have …

Power of Chinese AI Models # Introduction # After the Deepseek R1 turmoil in the market, there has been a shift in attention towards China. The West is now looking towards the East, and even those in …

Computer Vision Research Work # When we talk about “vision” capabilities, most people don’t understand how complex the brain is in processing the visual spectrum (light signals). …

Exploring AI Benchmarks & Leaderboards # Introduction # A benchmark is a standardized test or set of metrics used to measure and compare the performance, capabilities, or quality of systems, …

Understanding Different Types of Models # Introduction # A model is a simplified representation or abstraction of a system, concept, or phenomenon around us. It is used to analyze, understand, …

Understanding Callbacks # In the software solution design sometime people find callback confusing and this article is about helping developers and architects understanding this. We will discuss what …

Exploring AI Agents # Introduction # As of the start of 2025, we are hearing a lot of buzz around Agents, Workflow, System, AI Employee etc. In this article, we are trying to understand some …

AI Product Ideas # Introduction # There is a flood of AI products in the market, yet some people are still searching for ideas to get started. The following list of ideas can serve as a good starting …

AI Project Ideas # Introduction # In your journey of learning and practicing AI project you may find these articles and repositories useful. I found it over many places and compiled them here. Some …

WhatsApp Integration: Webhooks, Messaging, and Architecture Design # Introduction # When evaluating WhatsApp integrators, it’s crucial to assess their capabilities based on your business …

Unraveling Wireless Communication # Introduction # Wireless communication is at the heart of modern connectivity. In this article, we explore key aspects of wireless technology, including GSM …

Adapting AI Models to the Latest Information: Methods and Approaches # Introduction # Artificial Intelligence offers numerous advantages over traditional search engines like Google or Bing, but it …

Navigating Open-Source Licensing in the Age of AI: Challenges and Considerations # Introduction # Software products, at their core, are solutions designed to address specific problems. Just as there …

Exploring Make.com - A Comprehensive Guide to Automation and Its Alternatives # Make.com is an automation platform that allows users to create custom workflows between various apps and services. With …

Rethinking AI Infrastructure: Advantages of On-Prem Over Cloud Solutions # Why Not to Use Cloud AI Solutions? # There are valid reasons for considering alternatives to cloud-based infrastructure when …

Shaping Tomorrow with AI: Nvidia’s Innovations in Graphics, Robotics, and Intelligence # This article is based on various online resources, including articles and YouTube videos, but is heavily …

Major AI Predictions for 2025 # Listen Summary of this in Podcast Format # Your browser does not support the audio element. AI Predictions for 2025 # 1. AI Agents and Autonomous Tools # AI agents …

The Complete Ecosystem of Software Development # Software processes are a fascinating area because they encapsulate not just the technical aspects but also the collaborative, creative, and even …

! What is curl command? # The curl command is a versatile command-line tool for transferring data to and from servers using various protocols like HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, etc. It allows you to make requests …

How AlphaFold is Revolutionizing Protein Science: Answering Big Questions with AI # Introduction # What are proteins, and why are they important for life? 🧬 # Proteins are the workhorses of life. …

OpenAI 12 Days 2024 Announcements # Day 1- Announcements # Launch of o1 Full Version: This is an upgraded model designed to be faster, smarter, and multimodal, responding better to instructions. It …

Maximizing Your LLM Project: A Comprehensive Guide to Effective Prompt Types # When working on a project that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs), selecting the right model and prompt type can be …

AI Imperialism: Western Dominance and the Future of Global Technology # In the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI), the emergence of transformer models has marked a significant …

Visualizing Transformers and Attention # This is the summary note from Grant Sanderson’s talk at TNG Big Tech 2024. My earlir article on transformers can be found here Transformers and Their …

Exploring Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) # Overall Computational Power of GPUs # ⚡ Incredible Calculation Speed: Modern GPUs can perform tens of trillions of calculations per second (e.g., 36 …

AI Models and Creators # Popular Models and Their Creator # Nova - Amazon Gemini, Gemma - Google Granite - Oracle GPT - OpenAI Phi - Microsoft Azure Einstein - Salesforce Joule - SAP Grok - X …

Features of Shazam Econometrics Software # A free, downloadable Trial Version of SHAZAM is available to try out. All features are enabled although the amount of memory available for calculations …

Serverless LLM Deployment Platform # Microsoft’s Serverless LLM Deployment Platform # Azure OpenAI Service # Azure OpenAI Service is Microsoft’s answer to serverless LLM deployment. It …

Microsoft AI Products # Microsoft offers several tools and platforms for AI and machine learning, comparable to Google’s Vertex AI and Google AI Studio. These tools are integrated within …

Google AI Studio vs Vertex AI # The difference between Vertex AI and Google AI Studio lies in their scope, functionality, and target audiences within Google’s suite of AI tools. 1. Vertex AI # …

NVIDIA Timeline # NVIDIA Corporation has an illustrious history since its founding in 1993. It started as a graphics processing pioneer and has grown into a global leader in AI, gaming, data center …

Navigating the LLM Infrastructure Landscape: From Cloud Giants to Specialized Providers # 1. Introduction # The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized a wide range of …

Understanding GGUF and Other Model Formats in Machine Learning # As machine learning models continue to grow in complexity, the need for efficient, flexible, and versatile model formats becomes more …

Exploring AnythingLLM # What is AnythingLLM? # AnythingLLM is an open-source project developed by Mintplex Labs that offers a highly flexible platform for creating personalized language models and …

Navigating Python Ecosystem # 1. History of Python Development # Python was created by Guido van Rossum and was first released in 1991. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its …

Processors for HTML, CSS, and JS Code # What are HTML Processors? # HTML processors (or preprocessors) extend HTML functionality by adding new features like templating, reusable components, loops, …

Exploring Popular Web Server # What is Webserver? # A web server is software or hardware that serves web content to users over the internet. It hosts, processes, and delivers web pages to clients, …

Exploring All Dimensions of Application Development # These aspects highlight the diverse areas involved in application development beyond just frontend, backend, or mobile/desktop apps. Each plays a …

Exploring LLM Application Development # What is LLM Application Development? # Large Language Model (LLM) application development involves creating applications that leverage pretrained large …

AI Benchmarks Explained: Essential Components and Leading LLM Evaluation Techniques # What is a Benchmark in AI? # A benchmark in AI is like a standard measurement tool that helps researchers and …

Transfer Learning Key AI Techniques Explained # In this article we will understand some important concepts used within machine learning. What is in-context Learning? What is Prompt-Engineering? What …

Introduction: # The world of Generative AI (GenAI) is expanding at an astonishing rate, with new models emerging almost daily, each sporting unique names, capabilities, versions, and sizes. For AI …

Navigating the JavaScript Ecosystem: npm, Yarn, unpkg, and More # This article is trying to answer following questions. Evoluation of Javascript and Relationship with Java. What are popular …

Application of Generative AI (GenAI) # Generative AI (GenAI) is transforming how we interact with technology by producing human-like text, images, audio, and even code. Leveraging advanced models, …

Understanding Jekyll Framework # What is Jekyll? # Jekyll is a popular static site generator that transforms plain text into static websites and blogs. It’s built with Ruby and designed to be …

Introduction to Container Registry # What is Container Registry? # A container registry is a central store or service where container images are stored, managed and distributed. Container images are …

AI/ML with Oracle Cloud # Oracle Infrastructure Services # Register for Oracle Cloud Free Tier Oracle AI Main services # Digital Assistant Document Understanding Language Vision Speech Stream Cloud …